Which type of jet stream is expected to cause the greater turbulence?

The choice indicating a curving jet stream associated with a deep low-pressure trough is considered to be correct because this type of jet stream is typically characterized by significant horizontal wind speed differences and variations in airflow direction. The curving nature of the jet stream often results from the interactions of warm and cold air masses, leading to strong wind gradients and shears, which significantly enhance turbulence.

Deep low-pressure troughs are particularly notable as they create substantial vertical motions within the atmosphere, generating intense wind patterns and disturbances. When these conditions are present, aircraft operating in or near such areas are more likely to encounter turbulence due to the strong and erratic nature of the winds associated with the curvature of the jet stream.

In contrast, a straight jet stream associated with a low-pressure trough generally results in more stable conditions, typically leading to less turbulence. Jet streams occurring during the summer at lower latitudes might also have less turbulence because the atmospheric conditions tend to be more stable in this period. Finally, a stationary jet stream generally does not create significant turbulence since the lack of movement can lead to a consistent airflow and lesser wind shears. Thus, the option involving a curving jet stream with a deep low-pressure trough presents the most turbulence potential for aircraft operations.