Which type of jet stream is expected to cause the greater turbulence?

The selection of a curving jet stream associated with a deep low-pressure trough as the correct answer is based on the understanding of how jet streams behave and the atmospheric conditions they create. A curving jet stream indicates significant differences in wind speed and direction over relatively short distances, leading to greater shear. This shear can cause turbulent air movements, especially when combined with a deep low-pressure system that enhances vertical motion in the atmosphere.

When the jet stream is deep, it tends to indicate a more pronounced temperature gradient between air masses, which further contributes to instability in the atmosphere. The complex interactions between the lower and upper levels of the atmosphere can create turbulent conditions, particularly in regions where the jet stream is sharply curved. Therefore, it is this specific configuration that raises the likelihood of notable turbulence for aircraft navigating through that airspace.

In contrast, a straight jet stream may lead to more stable flying conditions as the wind speeds remain relatively uniform across lateral distances. Similarly, jet streams in the summer at lower latitudes are typically weaker and less likely to produce significant turbulence, while a stationary jet stream does not generate the same dynamic atmospheric conditions that can cause turbulence. Hence, the configuration of a curving jet stream associated with a deep low-pressure trough is the most conducive to