What feature is associated with the tropopause?

The tropopause is a significant boundary layer in the Earth's atmosphere, typically located between the troposphere and the stratosphere. The defining characteristic of the tropopause is the abrupt change in the temperature lapse rate that occurs at this boundary. In the troposphere, temperature decreases with altitude, but at the tropopause, this trend reverses and begins to increase in the stratosphere. This sharp transition creates a stable layer that restricts vertical mixing of air and contributes to various meteorological phenomena.

The other characteristics mentioned in the other choices do not accurately describe the tropopause. For instance, the height of the tropopause varies depending on geographic location and time of year; it is not constant above the Earth. Also, while the tropopause does influence cloud formation by creating a cap that limits the growth of storm clouds, it is not an absolute upper limit, as specific cloud types can extend into the stratosphere. Lastly, while there can be turbulence at the tropopause, it is generally associated with the jet stream and specific meteorological conditions rather than being a consistent feature of the tropopause itself.