What effect does ice accumulation have on aircraft performance?

Ice accumulation on an aircraft significantly impacts its aerodynamic properties, primarily by reducing lift and increasing drag. When ice forms on critical surfaces like the wings and control surfaces, it disrupts the smooth airflow over these areas. This disruption leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the wing in generating lift, which is essential for keeping the aircraft airborne. Specifically, the smooth, laminar flow necessary for optimal lift is compromised, resulting in a higher stall speed and potentially leading to a stall if the aircraft is not properly managed.

Additionally, the added weight from the ice increases the aircraft's overall mass, which can also contribute to reduced performance as more thrust is required to maintain altitude and speed. The irregular surface created by the ice can also lead to an increase in drag, which makes the aircraft less efficient and further impacts fuel consumption and performance.

The other options suggest misleading outcomes. For instance, ice accumulation does not enhance stability; in fact, it may impair handling characteristics. It certainly does not increase thrust, nor is the effect of ice on performance negligible; pilots and operators must recognize the serious implications of ice accumulation to ensure safe and efficient flight operations.