What defines a microburst?

A microburst is specifically characterized by a sudden and intense downward wind, typically occurring in a localized area that is generally less than 2.5 miles wide. This phenomenon is often associated with thunderstorms, where a column of air descends rapidly and then spreads out upon reaching the ground. The intense nature of a microburst can lead to hazardous conditions, especially for aviation, as it can cause sudden changes in wind direction and speed that are difficult to predict.

The other options do not accurately describe a microburst. For instance, a steady wind pattern that moves across large areas implies a sustained flow of air, which contrasts with the abrupt and violent nature of a microburst. Similarly, a long-lasting wind event affecting multiple regions does not reflect the short-lived occurrence and localized impact typical of microbursts. Lastly, describing a microburst as a gentle breeze is inconsistent with its definitive characteristics as a powerful and damaging weather event.