What can lead to building turbulence in the atmosphere?

Building turbulence in the atmosphere is primarily influenced by the presence of strong wind gradients. When there are abrupt changes in wind speed and direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere, these gradients create shear, which can contribute to chaotic fluctuations in air movement. This turbulence can be intensified in areas where wind flows across varying terrain or where different air masses interact, leading to a more dynamic and turbulent environment.

In contrast, weak updrafts and downdrafts may not generate significant turbulence because they lack the strength and energy to create substantial vertical motion in the atmosphere. Insufficient heating from the ground may lead to less buoyancy and thus reduce the potential for turbulence, while stable air layers typically suppress vertical movements, limiting turbulence as well. Thus, strong wind gradients are a clear contributor to building turbulence in the atmosphere.